| Allantoin | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, humectant, keratolytic | Multifactorial ingredient that soothes, moisturises, and aids in barrier repair and healing for sensitive or inflamed skin. |
| Aloe Vera | Humectant | Hydrates, soothes inflammation, and possesses antioxidant properties; protecting against photoageing caused by free radical damage from UV and other environmental factors. |
| Alpha Arbutin | Depigmenting Agent (Skin brightener) | Limits the ability of tyrosinase to make melanin. Anti-ageing, fades dark spots, evens skin tone, and acts as an antioxidant. |
| Azelaic Acid | Dicarboxylic acid | Treats acne, rosacea, and hyperpigmentation. Anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and brightens skin tone. |
| Bamboo Extract | Moisturising agent | Rich in silica. Soothing and helps maintain skin elasticity and strength. |
| Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) | Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory | Reducing Cutibacterium Acnes, the bacteria involved in Acne Vulgaris, BPO is used to treat mild to moderate acne. |
| Benzoyl Alcohol | Preservative/Solvent | Prevents the growth of microorganisms. Has antioxidant and solvent properties. (Can rarely cause contact irritation). |
| Butylene Glycol | Humectant, Solvent | Hydrates, enhances product texture, and boosts the penetration of other ingredients. |
| Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride | Emollient/Texture Enhancer | An emollient that softens skin and locks in moisture. Non-comedogenic and has antioxidant properties. |
| Centella Asiatica | Humectant | Anti-ageing, hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties; supports wound healing. |
| Ceramide | Emollient | Essential for skin health; prevents moisture loss, helps rebuild and repair a compromised skin barrier, and provides relief for dry, sensitive, or eczema-prone skin. |
| Cucumber Extract | Humectant | Hydrates, soothes, reduces puffiness, and has mild astringent properties. |
| Dead Sea Salt | Exfoliant | Rich in minerals (magnesium, potassium). Used for gentle physical exfoliation and to soothe inflammatory skin conditions. |
| Dipropylene Glycol | Solvent and Texture Enhancer | Functions primarily as a solvent and a texture enhancer. |
| Gluconolactone | Poly Hydroxy Acid (PHA) | Very gentle chemical exfoliant, humectant, and antioxidant. Suitable for sensitive skin. |
| Glycerin | Humectant | Powerful humectant that replenishes, restores, and deeply hydrates the skin. |
| Green Tea | Antioxidant | Powerful antioxidant, anti-ageing, improves the appearance of sun-damaged skin, soothes and provides anti-acne/antibacterial properties |
| Hyaluronic Acid | Humectant | Intense hydration, draws and retains moisture (up to 1000x its weight), plumps the skin, and reduces the appearance of fine lines. |
| Hydrolysed Collagen Peptide | Humectant | Attracts and binds water, significantly increasing moisture and skin hydration. |
| Kojic Acid | Depigmenting Agent (Skin Brightener) | Tyrosinase inhibitor. Brightens uneven skin tone and provides antioxidant properties. |
| L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) | Antioxidant | Potent antioxidant protection against free radicals, brightens dull skin, helps fade hyperpigmentation, and supports collagen synthesis. |
| Lactic Acid | Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) | Gentle Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA). Exfoliates the skin surface, improves texture, and acts as a humectant. |
| Liquorice Root | Soothing, Brightening | Soothes inflammation and redness, and brightens skin tone by inhibiting the production of melanin. |
| Mandelic Acid | Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) | Gentle AHA with a large molecule size (good for sensitive skin). Exfoliates, is anti-bacterial, and regulates sebum production. |
| Menaquinone-7 (Vitamin K2) | Astringent | A soluble form of Vitamin K2. Astringent, anti-sebum, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Reduces excess oils, minimises dark marks and tightens skin. |
| Mulberry Extract | Antioxidant | Provides antioxidant protection, brightens skin, and reduces the appearance of dark spots and uneven tone. |
| N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) | Humectant | Precursor of Hyaluronic Acid, NAG acts as a multipurpose antioxidant. It hydrates, soothes and reduces visible discolouration. |
| Niacinamide | Antioxidant | Strengthens the skin barrier, regulates oil production, minimises the appearance of pores, reduces redness and provides anti-ageing and antioxidant protection against UV damage. |
| Panthenol (Vitamin B5) | Humectant | A humectant that attracts and holds water, increasing hydration. Aids in healing and skin barrier repair. |
| Pentylene Glycol | Humectant, Antimicrobial and Solvent | Stabilises emulsions, moisturises (humectant properties), improves the feeling of skin, has antimicrobial properties, and aids penetration of other ingredients. |
| Phloretin | Antioxidant, Brightening | Protects against oxidative stress/photoageing. Increases cell turnover, improves sun-damaged skin and corrects hyperpigmentation. |
| Polysorbate 20 | Emulsifier, Surfactant | A mild cleansing and emulsifying agent that helps oil and water mix, increasing the solubility of other ingredients. |
| Propanediol | Humectant, Solvent | Improves skin moisturisation. Can also be used as a solvent to boost preservative efficacy. |
| Propylene Glycol | Humectant, Solvent | Hydrates and enhances the delivery and absorption of active ingredients into the skin. |
| Pumpkin Extract | Exfoliant, Antioxidant | Contains fruit enzymes for gentle exfoliation and antioxidants (Vitamin A, C). Brightens and refines skin texture. |
| Retinoids (Vitamin A Derivatives) | Anti-ageing, Anti-acne, Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial | Promotes rapid cell turnover, smooths texture, reduces wrinkles and fine lines, stimulates collagen production, and helps treat acne. |
| Salicylic Acid | Beta Hydroxy Acid (BHA) | Oil-soluble, allowing it to penetrate deep into pores to dissolve clogged pores. It reduces breakouts, removes dead skin cells from the surface, calms angry skin, and provides hydration. |
| Salix Alba (Willow) Bark Extract | Antioxidant | Contains salicin, polyphonous and flavonoids. Anti-ageing, antioxidant, and soothes the skin. Avoid if you have an allergy to Aspirin |
| Snail Mucin | Humectant | Promotes healing and regeneration, moisturises and soothes skin. |
| Sodium Hyaluronate | Humectant | The salt form of Hyaluronic Acid which is more readily absorbed than standard Hyaluronic Acid. Helps with moisture retention and maintains the skin's natural microbiome. |
| Sodium Lactate | Humectant | A powerful humectant that helps to attract moisture and regulate the skin's pH balance. |
| Sorbic Acid | Preservative | A preservative used to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungus, and mould. |
| Squalene | Emollient | Excellent emollient, mimics skin's natural sebum, non-comedogenic, moisturises and prevents water loss. |
| Tea Tree | Anti-acne, Anti-inflammatory | Possesses antiseptic, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Used to treat acne and reduce inflammation. |
| Tranexamic Acid | Depigmenting agent (Skin Brightener) | Brightens skin, has anti-inflammatory properties so reduces redness with the overall effect of fading discolouration and evening skin tone. |
| Urea | Humectant, Keratolytic | Highly effective humectant, softens skin, reinforces the barrier, and provides gentle exfoliation at higher concentrations. |
| Witch Hazel | Astringent | Anti-inflammatory (reduces redness), antioxidant (protects against free radicals), and astringent (tightens pores, oil control). |
| Zinc Pyrithione | Antifungal, antimicrobial | Antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties, often used to help stop the growth of yeast (e.g., in scalp treatments). |
